Master of Science

thesisIn this thesis the origin of angle-independent yellowish-green coloration of the exoskeleton of a beetle was studied. The beetle chosen was a weevil with the Latin name Eupholus chevrolati. The origin of this weevil's coloration was investigated by optical and structural characterization techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy imaging and focused ion beam milling, combined with three-dimensional modeling and photonic band structure calculations. Furthermore, using color theory the pixel-like coloring of the weevil's exoskeleton was investigated and an interesting additive color mixing scheme was discovered. For optical studies, a microreflectance microscopy/spectroscopy set-up was optimized. This set-up allowed not only for imaging of individual colored exoskeleton domains with sizes ~2-10 μm, but also for obtaining reflection spectra of these micrometer-sized domains. Spectra were analyzed in terms of reflection intensity and wavelength position and shape of the reflection features. To find the origin of these colored exoskeleton spots, a combination of focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy imaging was employed. A three-dimensional photonic crystal in the form of a face-centered cubic lattice of ABC-stacked air cylinders in a biopolymeric cuticle matrix was discovered. Our photonic band structure calculations revealed the existence of different sets of stop-gaps for the lattice constant of 360, 380 and 400 nm in the main lattice directions, Γ-L, Γ-X, Γ-U, Γ-W and Γ-K

A Study On The Rehabilitation Of Children In Dispute With The Law In India

The world’s largest population of children resides in India. The Indian Constitution protects all children in the country have basic rights, and the administration is empowered to take specific measures for them. The Act governs children, sometimes known as Juveniles. This is referred to as violating the law inside the country. The fundamental purpose is to create a juvenile justice arrangement that would focus on reintegration. Its execution is the responsibility of the Department of Women and Child Development. Juvenile Justice Boards All legal rights of children will be respected in India, and actions will be done to protect them. Putting in the necessary effort to ensure their recovery and safety, which includes meeting their physical, psychological, and emotional requirements, societal expectations, and understanding the rehabilitation of youngsters in legal trouble is one of the study's goals

Data Mining - A Review and Description

Data mining is a powerful and new technique with great potential. It converts the raw data into the useful informati on. Data Mining is the process of extracting knowledge fr om data warehouses. To store databases, enterprises make data warehouses and data marts. Data warehouses and data marts contain large amounts of data. Due to extracting knowledge from large data warehou ses or depositories, data mining plays great role in various fields of machine learning, advancements in static, database system, pattern matching, and artificial intelligence. Various algorithms and programs are used for data mining approach

Unusual case of intraperitoneal round ligament fibroid, mimicking ovarian carcinoma

Round ligament leiomyoma are extremely rare benign tumors. It may present with wide range of clinical presentations depending on its site of origin, on the long course of round ligament. It has been reported round ligament leiomyoma commonly arises from extra peritoneal end of round ligament. There have been case reports where round ligament fibroid have presented like incarcerated inguinal hernia, vulvar swelling, inguinal lymph node. We present a case of intraperitoneal round ligament leiomyoma. A 40 year old female presented to gynecology Opd with a pain abdomen, abdominal distension and a mass of 26-28 weeks size gravid uterus, pelvic in origin. Her CA-125 level was 185 U/ml, CT abdomen suggested neoplastic ovarian tumor. With provisional diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma, patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy. Intraoperative findings suggested mass arising from intraperitoneal part of round ligament, with solid and cystic component and ascites. Bilateral ovaries and tubes were healthy and separately seen from mass. Histopathology report confirmed leiomyoma with hyaline and cystic degeneration. Large round ligament leiomyoma with degenerative changes can mimic ovarian carcinoma on imaging. A tissue biopsy or MRI before surgery can be of help

Real World of Artificial Intelligence - A Review

Artificial Intelligence is the combination of machine and human intelligence, which are in research trends from the last many years. Different Artificial Intelligence programs have become capable of challenging humans by providing Expert Systems, Neural Networks, Robotics, Natural Language Processing, Face Recognition and Speech Recognition. Artificial Intelligence brings a bright future for different technical inventions in various fields. This review paper shows the general concept of Artificial Intelligence and presents an impact of Artificial Intelligence in the present and future world

Parameter Invariant Monitoring for Signal Temporal Logic

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a prominent specification formalism for real-time systems, and monitoring these specifications, specially when (for different reasons such as learning) behavior of systems can change over time, is quite important. There are three main challenges in this area: (1) full observation of system state is not possible due to noise or nuisance parameters, (2) the whole execution is not available during the monitoring, and (3) computational complexity of monitoring continuous time signals is very high. Although, each of these challenges has been addressed by different works, to the best of our knowledge, no one has addressed them all together. In this paper, we show how to extend any parameter invariant test procedure for single points in time to a parameter invariant test procedure for efficiently monitoring continuous time executions of a system against STL properties. We also show, how to extend probabilistic error guarantee of the input test procedure to a probabilistic error guarantee for the constructed test procedure

BENEFICIAL EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY IN WISTAR RATS

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiobesity effects of vitamin D (VD) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in Wistarrats.Methods: In the present study, male Wistar rats were selected after 4 weeks feeding of HFD and then treated with different doses of VD(2.5-10 mcg/kg/day, p.o.o.d.) for 6 weeks along with HFD. Orlistat (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.o.d.), which is a lipase inhibitor a standard drug for obesitywas used as a standard control in the present study. The effects of these treatments on body weight parameters, feed intake (Kcal), weight and size offat pads, levels of serum glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) wereanalyzed.Results: Treatment with VD (2.5-10 mcg/kg/day, p.o.o.d.) produced significant dose-dependent decrease (p<0.05) in body weight parameters, feedintake (Kcal), weight and size of fat pads, levels of serum glucose, TGs, TC, and LDL as compared to HFD group. Moreover, the level of serum HDLs wasincreased as compared to HFD group.Conclusions: VD treatment ameliorated established obesity and associated biochemical consequences. The results suggest that administration of VDcan inhibit the development of obesity and associated metabolic consequences in HFD-induced obesity.Keywords: Obesity, Vitamin D, High-fat diet

The study for sources of stress and management among medical students

Background: In recent years there has been a growing appreciation of the issues of quality of life and stresses involved medical training as this may affect their learning and academic performance. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of sources and severity of stress and coping strategies among medical students.Methods: A questionnaire-based study was carried out among the undergraduate medical students of Himalayan Institute of medical sciences, Jolly grant, Dehradun from July July 2015 to January 2016. The questionnaire consisted of questions on the basis of Academic, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Social Related Stressors and also various methods adopted by them to overcome stress.Results: Out of 150 students only 136 (90%) responded. All the participants were of first and second professional MBBS course. Overall 56% Students felt studies are contributing to stress followed by 26% due to college, 18% due to friends and 9% due to family pressure. Due to academic stress performance anxiety for upcoming examinations was felt by 59% of the students. Among the personal stressor 58% experienced health related issues and their effect on level of fitness. Stress relievers like 67% of the total students preferred watching movies, while their preference for listening to music was observed in 38% to relieve stress.Conclusions: It was concluded that students have a high level of academic stress followed by the social and personal stress. Since the stressors cannot be permanently eliminated, authors have to necessarily devise efficient methods for managing them